#2 Intoduction to Communication

VERBAL COMMUNICATION


We use verbal communication for most purposes. Verbal communication may be oral or written.

a)ORAL COMMUNICATION:


Oral Communication is more natural and immediately available for responding to a comment / statement. In natural and informal situations, we speak readily without hesitation in order to communicate with others; but in a formal and official situation, many persons feel nervous and cannot speak easily. It needs training, practice and skill to speak effectively in a formal situation.
Oral communication requires the presence and simultaneous attention of both the persons. Need for personal presence makes certain demands on the skills of both; each must be able to respond to the body language of the other, and must be able to make immediate response to what the other says.
Oral communication occurs in situations like conversations, telephone talk, interviews, presentations, group discussions, and meetings.


FACE-TO-FACE CONVERSATION:

Oral communication is best when it is face-to-face. A face-to-face setting is possible between two individuals or among a small group of persons at an interview, or in a small meeting, where both the sender and the receiver could see each other and communicate. Communication can flow both ways in these situations. Here, an immediate feedback, which gives clarification is possible. Besides, a face-to-face setting offers a rich communication experience owing to the presence of the living personality whose voice, tone, expressions and movements add significance to the words.


TELEPHONE TALK:


Telephone talk depends entirely on the voice and its quality. It does not have the advantage of physical presence or facial expressions since there is no option to look at others physical appearance at live. Clarity of speech and skillful use of voice are important in this kind of communication. There can be confusion between similar sounding words like “pale” and “bale”, or between “light” and “like”. Names and addresses communicated on the telephone are sometimes wrongly received. It is therefore customary in telephonic conversation to clarify spellings by saying G for God, P for pen etc.


PRESENTATION:


It has a face-to-face setting. It is a formal, well-prepared talk on a specific topic, delivered to knowledgeable and interested audience. It looks odd and slumbers if the presentation is not welcomed by the audience to which it is presented. At times a touch of humour always enriches the presentation. The purpose for such kind of communication is to give / pass on the information rather than making them dull and sleepy.


PUBLIC SPEECH:

 A public speech or lecture also has a face-to-face setting, but here the space between the speaker and audience do matters. This distance increases as the audience gets larger, as in an open air public meeting. This way of communication much depends on the speaker’s skill in using gestures and using the microphone in the correct order.

INTERVIEW:


An interview is a meeting at which one person or panel of persons, who are the interviewers, discuss a matter with another person or ask questions of another person, who is the interviewee. The purpose is, usually to assess, to judge whether it would be worthwhile to enter into a relationship with the other. An interview is of structured question and answer type of communication.



MEETING:

 Usually a meeting involves many persons; there is a chair person or leader who leads and guides the communication and maintains perfect order. There is a fixed agenda, that is, a list of issues to be discussed at the meeting. Meetings are of many types, from the small committee meeting consisting of three or four persons to the large conference or the share holders’ meeting. This type of oral communication is backed up by note-taking and writing up of minutes.



b)WRITTEN COMMUNICATION:


Written communication is used for many purposes. Many types of documents are required for official work. Letters, circulars, memos, notices, reports and minutes are constantly prepared and exchanged in and between organizations. All has a format and layout which is fixed by custom.

Letter:
Letters are the most widely used form of written communication. They are used mostly for external communication. A letter has a complex lay-out which has to be carefully followed.


Memo:
 Memo, short form of memorandum, is an informal message between members of an organization and generally relates to daily work. Information or instructions can be conveyed by a memo. A memo may or may not be signed.


Notice:
 A notice is used in order to communicate the same message within an organization. It is the most common method of mass communication, within an organization. It should be short, its language should be simple and the type should be large and well spaced for easy reading.


Circular:
 A circular is a detailed document giving information, instructions or orders on a specific matter. A circular has a number and date for reference, and is signed by the authorized signatory of the issuing office. They are generally issued by government department and other official bodies like government departments, councils, universities and Head Offices of organizations.


Report:
 A report is a document prepared by an individual or a committee entrusted with the task of collecting information on a given subject. It requires careful research, collection of data and presentation of the findings, conclusions and recommendations. Reports are of varying length and may be anything from two pages to a full book dived into chapters.

Minutes:
 Minutes are the written record of decisions taken at a meeting. Different bodies have their own convention of recordings the discussion and the decisions. Minutes may be written by hand or typed and pasted in minute books, or typed and filled in a minute file. Minutes are a legal document.



NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Non-verbal methods of communication can be consciously created and used with both written and oral communication. Graphics of all kinds can enrich the message presented in a document or in a speech. Pictures, maps, charts, diagrams, sketches, cutouts, models, etc., communicate more effectively quality vice and clarity vice than verbal communication. Apart from these symbols we consciously may convey the meaning by facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, clothing, posture, etc. These are called body language. They do communicate more than verbal communication.
Non-verbal communication occurs even when there is no verbal communication. Going by the road side, on seeing the no parking board, we are not parking our vehicles near it. Rather a NSS volunteer person when suggesting not to leave our vehicle in that place, often we ignore him. Thus we say that non-verbal communication, by way of a picture here, communicates something more than what is communicated through verbal communication. Henceforth, a good understanding of non-verbal communication will entitle a person or persons to communicate more effectively than what is conveyed through verbal communication.

Introduction to Communication

Introduction

 Have you ever felt the messages you convey are not communicated properly or have you ever felt guilty of not conveying the message as it wants to be conveyed? If so it is because of your weakness towards communication skills. Apart from the basic necessities, you need to be equipped with habits for good communication skills, as this is what will make you a happy and successful social being. In order to develop these habits, you need to first acknowledge the fact that communication skills need an improvement from time to time. The only constant in life is change, and the more you accept your strengths and work towards dealing with shortcomings, especially in the area of communication skills, the better will be your interactions and the more your social popularity. Thus the present unit enables you to get a detailed picture of the need and importance of developing communication skills and feel confident and empowering to face any type of situation in life.

1 Communication and Its Process

We use ‘communication’ usually to mean speaking or writing or sending a message to another person. Communication is really much more than that. It involves a number of choices and decisions but being natural and unnoticed in informal situations. In formal situations, our communication needs to be more effective and carefully chosen, that is, we need to plan our communication. Here comes the question what is Communication or how communication could be defined?
Communication may be broadly defined as the process of meaningful interaction among human beings. More specifically, it is the process by which meanings are perceived and understandings are reached among human beings. – D.E. McFarland.
Looked at more closely, what is essential for communication to occur is the cooperation between two parties, one active or at the giving end and the other passive or at the receiving end.
The sender selects appropriate symbols to suit the situation and realizes the meaning through speech or writing depending upon the socially regulated requirements or self-perceived needs. At the receiving end the symbols are identified and identification obviously implies recognition and realization of meaning through the interpretive process.
The process of Communication may be summarized as follows:

Communication is thus a network of interactions and naturally the sender and the receiver keep on changing their roles.
Another aspect of communication is the deployment of a code consisting of arbitrarily evolved symbols and the determination of the appropriateness of their use in given situations, leading to the emergence of diverse communication patterns. A number of factors come into play in shaping these patterns. In fact, communication is often but not always momentary. At times communication is a cumulative process that starts before the actual communicative event takes place and continues after it has occurred. Thus communication therefore must acquire a true perspective of not only the present requirements of the situation but also its relationship with the past and its impact on the future.

2 Components of Communication


Communication is a process where one sets out to convey a message to another person through the medium of words, gestures and / or pictures. The process of conveying the message is fulfilled only when the person receiving it has understood the message entirely.

The cycle gives the process of communication. It would be observed that the entire event takes place within a common frame of reference, also called as communication environment. The source refers to the point of origin of a message which is encoded by the sender and transmitted through the channel to the receiver. The receipt of the message exercises an impact in communication environment leading to some result. The observance of the result by the sender is called ‘feedback’.
During feedback the direction of the communication process is reversed. When providing feedback, the original receiver goes through the same process as did the original sender with the same factors influencing the receiver. The receiver may use the same channel / a different channel for feedback.
The message sent is not the same as the message received. It is also to be noted that all the messages do not produce the intended result. Thus, the success of communication is measured in terms of not only the effective transmission of the message but also the achievement of the intended result.

3 Barriers to Communication

Communication is not always successful. Several things can prevent the message from reaching the intended recipient or from having the desired effect on the recipient. There may be some fault in the communication system which may prevent the message from reaching. Some of these defects are in the mechanical devices used for transmitting – medium, some are in tools we use for communication – language, and some are in nature of persons who are engaged in communication – the sender and recipient / receiver. It can be divided into three broad groups: Listening, Speaking and Environmental.

Listening barriers:

• Interrupting the speaker
• Not maintaining eye contact with the speaker
• Rushing the speaker to complete what he/she has to say
• Making the speaker feel as though he/she is wasting the listener's time
• Being distracted by something that is not part of the ongoing communication
• Getting ahead of the speaker and completing his/her thoughts
• Ignoring the speaker's requests
• Topping the speaker's story with one's own set of examples
• Forgetting what is being discussed
• Asking too many questions, for the sake of probing

Barriers while speaking:

• Unclear messages
• Lack of consistency in the communication process
• Incomplete sentences
• Not understanding the receiver
• Not seeking clarifications while communicating

Environmental barriers include:

• An individual's subjective viewpoint towards issues/people, which leads to assumptions
• An emotional block, which can lead to an attitude of indifference, suspicion or hostility towards the subject
• An emotional block or bias that is based on a third party's view point, or on what you have read/heard
• Words can have different meanings to different people, thus blocking communication
• Use of negative words

4 Patterns of Communication



Communication can be one way and two way process. Both the patterns are followed in various circumstances effectively and efficiently by the people in the society. There is also horizontal and vertical movement of information from one source to another. The horizontal flow keeps individuals of the same status and peer groups informed of what others are doing and what is expected of them. The vertical communication is both downward and upward. It is essential to have both upward and downward movement since mere downward flow is like talking to a person continuously without giving him a chance to respond. In such situation the pattern will be as given in One Way communication and when mutual chance is given to the listener, the pattern is similar to two way communication.

-One way Communication

• A person always instructing another
• Always speaking without giving chance for the other to respond
• Always directing the other to do something
• Conveying some information to other and so on.

-Two way Communication

 

• A person named X instructs Y
• Y reports to X
• X speaks to Y
• Y responds to X and so on

This two way communication could be classified into two: One to many and many to one.


(a)One to One Communication

 In one to one communication there is only one sender and one receiver wherein the sender passes on some information to the receiver and the receiver passes on to the sender in return. Such kind of communication is one to one communication in two way communication pattern.

 (b)One to Many Communication


In one to many communication there is only one sender and one or more receiver wherein the sender passes on some information to all the receivers and each of the receiver passes on / replies to the sender in return. Such kind of communication is One to Many Communication in two way communication pattern.


(c)Many to One Communication


In Many to One Communication there are several senders and one receiver wherein all the senders pass on some information to the receiver and the receiver replies for them. Such kind of communication is Many to One Communication in two way communication pattern.
It is obvious that conveying all information to everybody would be a meaningless exercise. For proper functioning of a Communication system the following questions should be asked and the answers constantly reviewed:

• What information is to be conveyed?
• Who requires it?
• What should be its form?
• What techniques of dissemination should be used?
• What technological aids should be used? 

5 Types of Communication

 Communication takes place by exchanging symbols to describe our ideas and experience. Language is a common symbol system which is used for sharing our experiences with others. We can also use other symbols like pictures, colours, signs and sounds to communicate. We do communicate a number of things by our facial expressions, movements, clothing and so on, though we do not speak. Thus communications through words are called Verbal Communication; communications through symbols are called non-verbal communication.
 

How to change a tire

Sooner or later, it's bound to happen to most everyone. You're driving along with your mind on the important meeting agenda, and suddenly your car pulls to one side and you hear that dreaded flapping sound of a flat tire.
Nowadays, many drivers have roadside assistance services that will come fix your flats, but it's always smart to know how to change a flat yourself. Since it's a fairly common occurrence, car manufacturers have tried to make the tire change process one that virtually anyone can do.

Tools You Need to Change a Tire

Keep the following tire-changing essentials in your vehicle at all times:

• Spare tire.
  • Usually located under the floor mat in the trunk. SUVs or trucks may have the spare mounted underneath or on the back of the vehicle.
  • TIP: Check your spare regularly to ensure it's properly inflated.
• Jack.
• Lug wrench.
• Flashlight with working batteries.
• Flares and reflective triangles.
• Gloves.
  • Leather is ideal since it works well in a variety of weather conditions.
• Wheel wedges.
• Flat tire repair kit.
  • Optional, but ideal if you can't get your tire to a shop right away.

The spare tire, jack, and lug wrench are vital and should all come with your vehicle. If any of these three are missing, replace them immediately. Always keep your vehicle owner's manual in your car, as it will include details on where you can find your spare and steps for changing your tire.

Find a Safe Spot

In the event that your tire blew out while you were on the road, slow down, put your hazard lights on, and find a safe place to change your tire. If you are driving on a freeway or busy city street, it's best to get as far away from traffic as possible.
Ideal locations for changing a tire include:

• A quiet side street.
• The shoulder of an off ramp.
• A parking lot.
• A long, straight road.

If you can, try to pull over on a flat road, not an incline. Also, changing a tire on a paved road is ideal. If you cannot safely maneuver your car to one of these areas, pull over as far to the right as you can to put space between your car and traffic.

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Steps to Changing a Flat Tire

Once your car is in a safe and stable area, parked with the parking brake engaged, follow these steps to change your flat tire.

1. Remove your spare and the tools you'll need.
2. Place flares or reflective triangles behind your vehicle for safety, if you're changing your tire on the road.
3. Place wheel wedges against the tires opposite of the flat. This will help keep your vehicle secure while it's on the jack.
4. Remove the hubcap or wheel cover. If your lug nuts are exposed, skip this step. Use the flat end of the lug wrench to pry the cover off.
5. Loosen (but DON'T REMOVE) the lug nuts using the lug wrench.
6. Move the jack underneath the car. Reference your vehicle owner's manual for the proper location and how to work your jack. Ideally, it will be as easy as turning a crank. Raise it up to connect with your car's frame.
7. Expand the jack until the flat is approximately 6 inches off the ground. Warning: Do not put any part of your body under the vehicle!
8. Unscrew and remove lug nuts. Place these somewhere safe—you'll need them all to secure the spare.
9. Remove the flat tire from the hub. Grab the flat securely with both hands and pull toward you. Set it aside safely.
10. Align the spare with the exposed lug bolts. Push it in place.
11. Replace the lug nuts and tighten by hand. Do NOT use the wrench until you lower the vehicle.
12. Lower the jack carefully until the spare touches the ground. Remove the jack.
13. Tighten the lug nuts with the wrench. Put your weight into it—these should be really tight. To ensure even alignment, tighten your lug nuts in a star pattern, so you're never tightening lug nuts that are immediately adjacent to one another.
14. Replace the hubcap or wheel cover, if you have one.
15. Check the pressure on your spare. If you don't have a tire gauge, try to drive to a gas station to check and make sure it's safe.

Once your spare is safely and securely on your car, take your flat tire to a repair shop. Driving long distances at high speeds on a spare is not advisable, so try to get your flat tire replaced or repaired as soon as possible.

When to Call for Backup

Changing your own tire can be a cost effective option if you don't have emergency roadside assistance coverage. But safety should always be your top priority. Keep the following in mind when deciding whether to DIY or call for help.

Road & Traffic Conditions

Consider whether you can pull your car over in a safe location, away from oncoming traffic and onto a smooth, flat surface. If you're on a busy freeway, a narrow shoulder, a dirt road, an incline, or a slick surface, think carefully before pulling out the jack.

Weather Conditions

If it's dumping rain or snow, if the wind is howling and you might lose your grip on any of your equipment, or if the blazing heat could put your health or safety at risk, consider calling for a tow.

Passenger Safety

If you're traveling with your family, friends, or even pets, take stock of your environment and their safety. If the conditions are not ideal, don't take unnecessary risks just to save a few bucks.

Equipment Condition

In order to be properly prepared, make sure your spare is inflated and in good condition. If you're missing any other equipment, if your jack is rusty, even if your flashlight batteries are dead, don't try to be a hero—call a tow truck and get the help you need.

About Manual Car

Driving a car with a manual transmission—also called a stick shift—requires more skill and understanding than operating a vehicle with an automatic transmission. In a stick shift vehicle, you will be manually shifting gears to adjust your speed, rather than letting the car do it for you.
Once you know the basics, you'll know how to drive a manual transmission vehicle in no time.

Clutch, Gear Stick & Parking Brake

To learn how to drive a stick shift, you'll need to know what makes this driving style different. As soon as you sit in the driver's seat you'll see:

• Clutch pedal: The gas and brake pedals are in the same places as an automatic car, but on the far left is an extra pedal called the clutch. Your right foot is still used for the gas and the brake, but you will use your left foot to depress the clutch pedal when shifting gears.
• Numbers on the gear stick: In an automatic transmission car, the gear stick has letters for drive, reverse, neutral, and park. In a manual, there are numbers for each gear, along with an “R" for “reverse".

• The parking brake: Automatic transmission vehicles have a dedicated gear for parking, but manual transmissions do not. Always remember to set the parking brake when you park, or your vehicle will roll. 

  Learn the Location of the Gears

  Even before you turn on the vehicle, you'll need to know a few basics of driving a stick shift. Use the following steps to guide you through the motion of shifting gears.
  
• Depress the clutch pedal (remember: use your left foot!).
• Move the gear stick in the following patterns for each of the gears listed below*:
  • 1st gear: Left and up.
  • 2nd gear: Left and down.
  • 3rd gear: Straight up.
  • 4th gear: Straight down.
  • 5th gear: Right and up.
  • 6th gear: Right and down.
• Slowly release the clutch (this is also called feathering).

Repeat these steps for each gear so you get the feel for the motions. You should feel comfortable pushing the clutch and maneuvering the stick simultaneously. Be sure to return the stick shift to neutral before turning the car on.
If your vehicle is equipped with one, get familiar with the tachometer. This indicates revolutions per minute (RPMs) and will help you know when to shift gears. Eventually, you will know exactly when to shift based on the sounds of your engine, and you won't even need to look at this dial.
* NOTE: The shifting pattern described above is for most American made 5-speed manual transmissions. Your own shift pattern may vary, so please refer to your shift knob and owner's manual.

Steps to Driving a Stick Shift

The best place to learn how to driving a stick is an open, empty parking lot.

• Push the clutch pedal all the way down before starting the car.
• Engage the brake pedal.
  • With the parking brake engaged, you don't need to depress the brake pedal, but it's a good idea nonetheless.
• Turn the key or push the ignition button to start it up.
• With the clutch depressed, put the vehicle in 1st gear.
• Release the parking brake.
• Rev the engine to between 1,500 RPM and 2,000 RPM. Any lower and the vehicle will stall, and you'll have to start again.
• When you feel the clutch engage, and the engine reaches the desired RPMs, slowly start lifting your left leg to release pressure on the clutch.
• Your vehicle should start rolling forward slowly.
  • If the car stalls at this point, just release the gas, put on the parking brake and push down the clutch pedal to put the car back in neutral gear to start over.
• If you are moving, keep slowly pushing the gas pedal. When your engine reaches approximately 3,000 RPM, push the clutch pedal down and move into 2nd gear.
• When you need to stop, remember to push down the clutch pedal as well as the brake and move the gearshift into the neutral position.

You can practice going into 1st and 2nd gear several times until you get the feel for your vehicle and the timing of your pedals.
If you have room, practice reversing. Use the same pedal motion, releasing the clutch slowly when in the reverse gear. Continue practicing these steps until you can smoothly accelerate, move through the gears, and stop. When you feel confident, keep testing higher gears and faster speeds. You'll be a master of the manual vehicle in no time.

Driving Distractions

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Distracted driving is one of the most dangerous threats on the road. Find out which distracted driving behaviors to watch out for, how to prevent yourself from doing them, and how to keep yourself safe behind the wheel.
In This Section

• Distracted DrivingDistracted driving is a serious problem facing today's drivers. Learn how you can be part of the solution.
  
• Distracted Driver PledgeTake the pledge to end distracted driving.
  
• Distracted Driving QuizHelp keep the roads safe. Take the distracted driving quiz and prevent distracted driving.
  
• Apps to Fight Distracted DrivingWe tested the latest distracted driving apps to help keep you safe on the roads and end distracted driving. Find the best driving app for you!
  
• Three Types of Driving DistractionsDriving distracted greatly increases accident risk. Learn about the three main types of driving distractions and how you can avoid them.
  
• How to Drive Distraction-FreeDistracted driving can quickly lead to tragedy. Here are tips for driving without distractions.
  
• Parents & Distracted DrivingA parent’s influence can go a long way in keeping young drivers from distracted driving. Learn how you can help your kids drive without distractions.
  
  
  • Teens & Distracted DrivingDistracted driving is a leading cause of serious accidents among teens. Read about distracted driving and teens and how you can stay safe.
    
  • How Emotions Affect DrivingLosing control over your emotions can be a form of distracted driving. Learn about how emotions affect your driving.
    
  • Road Rage: How To Deal With ItDriving with road rage can be very dangerous. Learn all about road rage and how you can avoid it.
    
  • Driving in Hazardous ConditionsSuggestions on how to make the road safer by learning how to drive in hazardous conditions.
    
  • Night DrivingTired drivers, daredevil wildlife, & blinding high beams: how to stay safe on the roads after dark.
    
  • Hallucinations on the RoadAsleep at the wheel? Learn about drowsy-driving before those sleep monsters get you. Find out how best to arrive safely to your destination.
    
  • Wildlife on the RoadA deer suddenly jumps in front of your vehicle: to swerve, or not to swerve? Find out how to help prevent an accident with wildlife.
    
  • Distracted Driving FAQsDistracted driving is a very serious and dangerous matter. Find answers to these frequently asked questions regarding distracted driving.
    
    

    Safety & Driving

    Find info on traffic alerts, 511 traffic systems, vehicle & tire recalls, tips for driving in hazardous conditions, state-specific safety laws, & more. In This Section

    • How To Change a TireNeed help changing your tires? Our guide will assist you on how to change your tries safely & easily.
      
    • How To Pack An Emergency KitA well-prepared roadside kit can make a huge difference in a driving emergency. Here’s how to build a roadside emergency kit for your personal needs.
      
    • Air Bag SafetyVital information to help keep you and yours safe when you have an airbag-equipped car.
      
    • RecallsFind out what vehicles are being recalled & why.
      
    • Elderly Driver SafetyFind information for mature and elderly drivers, including tips on driving safely, when to think about turning in the keys, and taking a mature driver safety course.
      
    • Travel & Road Trip SafetyGetting ready for a road trip? Let our travel guide help you get the most out of your journey and stay safe.
      
    • Vehicle Maintenance TipsLearn the basics of vehicle maintenance such as how to change your oil, a tire, or a fuse, check tire pressure, detail your car, store a vehicle, & more.
      
    • When to Use Your HeadlightsHere are some tips and tricks to using your headlights, no matter what time you’re on the road.
      
    • Intersections & Right of WayYielding the right of way at intersections can be confusing for many drivers. Here are the requirements and best practices you need to know.
      
    • Reckless Driving 101A reckless driving conviction can have severe consequences to your life on the road. Read up on reckless driving, including common charges and penalties.
      
    • How To Buy a Child Safety SeatChild Safety Seats - Information you need to know before purchasing a car seat for your child.
      
    • How To Install a Child Safety SeatInformation for safely installing a car seat for your child.
      

Driving Lesson

Learn to Drive

Most of us either want or need to learn to drive at some stage in our lives. Learning to drive is not only expensive but can be confusing in terms of which courses is suitable and which driving school and instructor to go with. The many offers of free lessons or incredibly cheap driving lessons and intensive courses is tempting, ultimately however, without reading the small-print, it can end up costing much more than a failed attempt at the driving test. Provided in this section is the advice from professional driving instructors to gain you a better understanding of what to look out for and ultimately choosing the right driving school.
Explained are the legalities for learning to drive, through to finding the best driving instructor, what to expect on your first lesson, how long it takes to learn  and the best courses for learning to drive.
As driving instructors, we often get asked the same questions when learners are inquiring about learning to drive and taking driving lessons.
All driver related tests and licences (with exception to the police) are dealt with through the Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency (DVSA). All theory test and practical driving test telephone numbers and website links can be found on this page.
Provided are the most frequently asked questions that potential learner drivers ask driving instructors on how to start learning to drive.

LEARNING TO DRIVE

Learning to drive can be time consuming and costly. The Driving Test Tips website offer plenty of tutorials and help for learner drivers, experienced drivers intending on taking the UK driving test, plus advice once passed.

What age must I be to start learning to drive?

To drive on a public road, you must be at least 17 years of age. Certain driving schools do offer driving lessons conducted on private land. In this situation, you can start learning to drive at a younger age than 17.

MGA SULIRANIN

 

1. Di pagseseryoso ng estudyante sa kanyang pag-aaralan lamang sa mga mg-aaral ang nag seseryoso sa kanilang pag-aaral, ang iba naman ay hindi. Ilan sa kanilang dahilan: “tinatamad”,maraming humahadlang sa kanila katulad ng computer games,panliligaw, walang interest sa pag-aaral, interesado sa ibang bagay, mayproblema sa pamilya at kung anu-ano pa. 

Madalas itong nangyayari sa mga pampublikong paaralan na masmababa pa sa section 5 (lima), ngunit hindi lamang ito nangyayari samga pampublikong paaralan dahil nararanasan din ang ganitong suliraninsa mga pribadong paaralan. Sa pampubliko isa sa mga dahilan ay ang pagkakaroon ng mgabagay na umaagaw sa kanilang atensyon sa kanilang pag-aaral at saparehong pribado at pampubliko ang dahilan nila ay katamaran. 

 

2.Katamaran sa Pag-aaral 

 Karamihan na nga sa mga mag-aaral o sa mga estudyante ang tamadat isa sa kanilang dahilan ay ang mahirap na subject.Ayon sa mga nakalap kong impormasyon sa mga eskwelahan (4th year) ang pinakamahirap na subject sa kanila ay ang Math.

PAGLALAHAD NG SULIRANIN

Isa sa mga posibleng maging kahalagahan nito ay ang mahikayat angang mga estudyante na mag-aral ng mabuti. Mahalagang malaman din nilaang ilang mga kasagutan nila katulad ng: 

•Ano nga ba ang pag-aaral?

•Ano ang kahalagahan ng pag-aaral?

•Paano ko masisimulan muli ang mabuting pag-aaral?

•Paano ko mapapataas ang aking mga marka?

•Anu-anong mga bagay ang nararapat kong gawin para hindi na akobumagsak pang muli?

•Paano ko mababago ang sarili ko? 

 

Ilan lamang yan sa mga posibleng masagot ng pananaliksik na ito.Ang isa pang posibleng kahalagahan ng pananaliksik na ito ay ang mahubogang mga mag-aaral na panatilihing maging maayos ang kanilang pag-aaral.